This pedigree is an example of recessive inheritance. There are three ways to tell:
1.) Two alleles are necessary to have the trait
2.) Trait usually skips one or more generations
3.) Parents who do not have the trait can produce children that do have the trait
1.) Two alleles are necessary to have the trait
2.) Trait usually skips one or more generations
3.) Parents who do not have the trait can produce children that do have the trait
This pedigree is an example of dominant inheritance. There are three ways to tell:
1.) Only one allele is necessary to have the trait
2.) The trait shows in every generation
3.) Children who have the trait always have at least one parent with the trait
1.) Only one allele is necessary to have the trait
2.) The trait shows in every generation
3.) Children who have the trait always have at least one parent with the trait
This punnett square illustrates the genetic breeding of pea pods in a monohybrid cross. It is breeding two green pea pods that are heterozygous with the genotypes Gg. The offspring have a 25% chance of having the genotype GG, 50% have the type Gg, and 25% chance of having the type gg. 75% of the pods should be green and 25% of them should be white. Punnett squares help show how traits not shown in parents can be found in their offspring.
This represents Incomplete Dominance with flowers shown in the cross of red and white flowers. The genotype for red is RR and the genotype for white is WW. The offspring have a pink color because of they were the cross between two flowers that are homozygous and both with dominant traits. The genotype of the offspring is RW with both red and white dominance to make pink.
These chickens illustrate Codominance in the patterns of feathers. The genotypes of the parents are FB FB the black feathers and FW FW for white feathers. The parents are both homozygous with dominant traits. The offspring are a cross heterozygous with the genotype of FB FW making them have both white and black feathers. They do not mix the color of the feathers.
Blood types can be more complex with four different blood types, A, AB, B, and O. The genotypes: A is IA IA or IA i, AB is IA IB, B is IB IB or IB i, and O is ii. The type of blood relies on the surface proteins of the blood cells, and the Ant-bodies that are in the blood. The punnett square shows all the crosses that can be possible with the three types of genes for the blood, IA, IB, and i.
The Dihybrid crosses are two traits crossed demonstrating the law of independent assortment. The genotypes of the parents in the punnett square are both heterozygous with BbMm. In the square their traits are put into all the possible combinations for the two types of traits, like BM, Bm, bM, and bm. The parents are both split blue , but their offspring can have a range of colors of white, black, and blue. They could also have no spots, small amount of spots, and no spots. Dihybrid squares help to show a how two different traits can have very large variety of results.